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Linux常用命令之ping命令詳解和使用例子（查看網絡通不通）

它通過發(fā)送ICMP ECHO_REQUEST數據包到網絡主機（send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts），并顯示響應情況，這樣我們就可以根據它輸出的信息來確定目標主機是否可訪問（但這不是絕對的）。有些服務器為了防止通過ping探測到，通過防火墻設置了禁止ping或者在內核參數中禁止ping，這樣就不能通過ping確定該主機是否還處于開啟狀態(tài)。

linux下的ping和windows下的ping稍有區(qū)別,linux下ping不會自動終止,需要按ctrl+c終止或者用參數-c指定要求完成的回應次數。

1.命令格式：

ping [參數] [主機名或IP地址]

2.命令功能：

ping命令用于：確定網絡和各外部主機的狀態(tài)；跟蹤和隔離硬件和軟件問題；測試、評估和管理網絡。如果主機正在運行并連在網上，它就對回送信號進行響應。每個回送信號請求包含一個網際協議（IP）和 ICMP 頭，后面緊跟一個 tim 結構，以及來填寫這個信息包的足夠的字節(jié)。缺省情況是連續(xù)發(fā)送回送信號請求直到接收到中斷信號（Ctrl-C）。

ping 命令每秒發(fā)送一個數據報并且為每個接收到的響應打印一行輸出。ping 命令計算信號往返時間和(信息)包丟失情況的統(tǒng)計信息，并且在完成之后顯示一個簡要總結。ping 命令在程序超時或當接收到 SIGINT 信號時結束。Host 參數或者是一個有效的主機名或者是因特網地址。

3.命令參數：

-d 使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能。

-f 極限檢測。大量且快速地送網絡封包給一臺機器，看它的回應。

-n 只輸出數值。

-q 不顯示任何傳送封包的信息，只顯示最后的結果。

-r 忽略普通的Routing Table，直接將數據包送到遠端主機上。通常是查看本機的網絡接口是否有問題。

-R 記錄路由過程。

-v 詳細顯示指令的執(zhí)行過程。

p>-c 數目：在發(fā)送指定數目的包后停止。

-i 秒數：設定間隔幾秒送一個網絡封包給一臺機器，預設值是一秒送一次。

-I 網絡界面：使用指定的網絡界面送出數據包。

-l 前置載入：設置在送出要求信息之前，先行發(fā)出的數據包。

-p 范本樣式：設置填滿數據包的范本樣式。

-s 字節(jié)數：指定發(fā)送的數據字節(jié)數，預設值是56，加上8字節(jié)的ICMP頭，一共是64ICMP數據字節(jié)。

-t 存活數值：設置存活數值TTL的大小。

4.使用實例：

實例1：ping的通的情況

命令：ping 192.168.120.205

輸出：

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代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.205
PING 192.168.120.205 (192.168.120.205) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.720 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.189 ms/p> p>--- 192.168.120.205 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214 ms
[root@localhost ~]#

實例2：ping不通的情況

命令：ping 192.168.120.202

輸出：

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代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.202
PING 192.168.120.202 (192.168.120.202) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable/p> p>--- 192.168.120.202 ping statistics ---
8 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7005ms
, pipe 4
[root@localhost ~]#

實例3：ping網關

命令：ping -b 192.168.120.1

輸出：

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代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.120.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
10.0.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
default 192.168.120.240 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ping -b 192.168.120.1
PING 192.168.120.1 (192.168.120.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.02 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.83 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.68 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.98 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=1.88 ms/p> p>--- 192.168.120.1 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.682/1.880/2.020/0.129 ms

實例4：ping指定次數

命令：ping -c 10 192.168.120.206

輸出：

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代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.25 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.271 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.295 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.253 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.289 ms/p> p>--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295 ms
[root@localhost ~]#

實例5：時間間隔和次數限制的ping

命令：ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206

輸出：

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代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.24 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.331 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.247 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms/p> p>--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 4499ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294 ms
[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.01 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.195 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.219 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.204 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=3.56 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=1.93 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.211 ms/p> p>--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 90ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.193/0.716/3.564/1.080 ms
[root@localhost ~]#

實例6：通過域名ping公網上的站點

命令：ping -c 5 www.58.com

輸出：

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代碼如下:

peida-VirtualBox ~ # ping -c 5 www.58.com
PING www.58.com (211.151.111.30) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=1 ttl=49 time=14.7 ms
64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=2 ttl=49 time=16.4 ms
64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=3 ttl=49 time=15.2 ms
64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=4 ttl=49 time=14.6 ms
64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=5 ttl=49 time=19.9 ms/p> p>--- www.58.com ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 20101ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 14.618/16.192/19.917/1.965 ms
peida-VirtualBox ~ #

實例7：多參數使用

命令：ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206

輸出：

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代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 1024(1052) bytes of data.
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.99 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.694 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.481 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.415 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.600 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.411 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.281 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.318 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.362 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=0.408 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.445 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=13 ttl=64 time=0.397 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=14 ttl=64 time=0.406 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=15 ttl=64 time=0.458 ms/p> p>--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
15 packets transmitted, 15 received, 0% packet loss, time 41999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.281/0.531/1.993/0.404 ms
[root@localhost ~]#

說明：-i 3 發(fā)送周期為 3秒 -s 設置發(fā)送包的大小為1024 -t 設置TTL值為 255

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