VNC是一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)程桌面協(xié)議。按照本文的說(shuō)明進(jìn)行操作可以實(shí)現(xiàn)用VNC對(duì)Ubuntu 20.04進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程控制。一般的VNC安裝方式在主機(jī)沒(méi)有插顯示器的時(shí)候是無(wú)法使用的。下面的操作可以在主機(jī)有顯示器和沒(méi)有顯示器時(shí)都能夠正常工作。
首先安裝x11vnc
sudo apt-get install x11vnc -y
設(shè)置vnc密碼
sudo x11vnc -storepasswd /etc/x11vnc.pass
創(chuàng)建x11vnc自啟動(dòng)服務(wù)
創(chuàng)建 /etc/systemd/system/x11vnc.service，并寫(xiě)入以下內(nèi)容
[Unit]
Description=Start x11vnc at startup.
After=multi-user.target
[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/bin/x11vnc -auth /run/user/1000/gdm/Xauthority -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /etc/x11vnc.pass -rfbport 5900 -shared
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
啟動(dòng)x11vnc服務(wù)
sudo systemctl enable x11vnc
sudo service x11vnc start
此時(shí)如果遠(yuǎn)程的主機(jī)上接了顯示器，那么就可以在局域網(wǎng)通過(guò)VNC進(jìn)行訪(fǎng)問(wèn)了。
為了能夠保證遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)無(wú)論是否有顯示器，我們都能通過(guò)VNC進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程訪(fǎng)問(wèn)，我們還要做下面的修改
創(chuàng)建默認(rèn)的xorg.conf文件
此時(shí)程序會(huì)生成 /root/xorg.conf.new文件
我的默認(rèn)文件內(nèi)容如下
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "X.org Configured"
Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0
InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
EndSection
Section "Files"
ModulePath "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi"
FontPath "built-ins"
EndSection
Section "Module"
Load "glx"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Keyboard0"
Driver "kbd"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Mouse0"
Driver "mouse"
Option "Protocol" "auto"
Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
EndSection
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor0"
VendorName "Monitor Vendor"
ModelName "Monitor Model"
EndSection
Section "Device"
### Available Driver options are:-
### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False",
### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz",
### <percent>: "<f>%"
### [arg]: arg optional
#Option "Accel" # [<bool>]
#Option "AccelMethod" # <str>
#Option "Backlight" # <str>
#Option "CustomEDID" # <str>
#Option "DRI" # <str>
#Option "Present" # [<bool>]
#Option "ColorKey" # <i>
#Option "VideoKey" # <i>
#Option "Tiling" # [<bool>]
#Option "LinearFramebuffer" # [<bool>]
#Option "HWRotation" # [<bool>]
#Option "VSync" # [<bool>]
#Option "PageFlip" # [<bool>]
#Option "SwapbuffersWait" # [<bool>]
#Option "TripleBuffer" # [<bool>]
#Option "XvPreferOverlay" # [<bool>]
#Option "HotPlug" # [<bool>]
#Option "ReprobeOutputs" # [<bool>]
#Option "XvMC" # [<bool>]
#Option "ZaphodHeads" # <str>
#Option "VirtualHeads" # <i>
#Option "TearFree" # [<bool>]
#Option "PerCrtcPixmaps" # [<bool>]
#Option "FallbackDebug" # [<bool>]
#Option "DebugFlushBatches" # [<bool>]
#Option "DebugFlushCaches" # [<bool>]
#Option "DebugWait" # [<bool>]
#Option "BufferCache" # [<bool>]
Identifier "Card0"
Driver "intel"
BusID "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
Monitor "Monitor0"
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 1
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 4
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 8
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 15
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 16
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
EndSubSection
EndSection
將此文件復(fù)制至 /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/xorg.conf
這個(gè)文件保證在主機(jī)上插有顯示器的時(shí)候，系統(tǒng)界面能在顯示器上正常顯示。下面我們?cè)俳o系統(tǒng)添加一個(gè)虛擬顯示器，當(dāng)主機(jī)沒(méi)有顯示器的時(shí)候系統(tǒng)就使用這個(gè)虛擬顯示器。
安裝虛擬顯卡驅(qū)動(dòng)
sudo apt install xserver-xorg-video-dummy
在這個(gè)文件的最后添加下面的內(nèi)容
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor1"
HorizSync 1.0 - 2000.0
VertRefresh 1.0 - 200.0
# Add 16:9 modes, others are automatically detected.
Modeline "1280x720" 74.48 1280 1336 1472 1664 720 721 724 746
Modeline "1920x1080" 172.80 1920 2040 2248 2576 1080 1081 1084 1118
EndSection
Section "Device"
Identifier "Card1"
Driver "dummy"
VideoRam 256000
EndSection
Section "Screen"
DefaultDepth 24
Identifier "Screen1"
Device "Card1"
Monitor "Monitor1"
SubSection "Display"
Depth 24
Modes "1920x1080"
EndSubSection
EndSection
這樣我們就創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)使用虛擬顯卡的虛擬顯示器。為了讓虛擬的顯示器和真實(shí)顯示器都能工作，我們需要把最上面的ServerLayout 進(jìn)行更改
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "X.org Configured"
Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0
Screen 1 "Screen1" 0 0
EndSection
現(xiàn)在重新啟動(dòng)遠(yuǎn)程電腦，就可以在沒(méi)有顯示器的情況下遠(yuǎn)程了。
以上的方法還有一個(gè)問(wèn)題。就是在用戶(hù)沒(méi)有登錄的其情況下是沒(méi)辦法遠(yuǎn)程的。所以需要把用戶(hù)設(shè)置成自動(dòng)登錄。
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